Due to the poor supply of COVID19 test kits, most testing has been in people with symptoms. In the diagram above and to the middle, the bias in the criteria for symptoms will miss many who are infected but not diseased.
Random testing, once sufficient kits are available will provide a much clearer picture of the infection rate in the population, IF sufficient tests are performed and if contract tracing is done.
According to the Harvard Health Institute, based on the population of Hawai‘i we need to be testing about 2100 persons every day!! That will take ample kits and an army of trained sample takers, with ample personal protective gear.